| Species_Name | AphiaId | TaxaBrey | Mobility | Trophic | Vision | b | r0 | Ek |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hediste diversicolor | 152302 | Annelida | Crawl | Deposit feeder | 0 | 0.7733019 | 3.386977e+09 | 6197.232 |
| Scrobicularia plana | 141424 | Mollusca 1 | Sessile | Mixt Filter feeder | 0 | 0.7752776 | 5.559549e+13 | 8986.158 |
Multispecies
1 Introduction
NB: Graphs can be observed in full screen by a right click + “Open image in new tab”
2 Materials and Methods
All data processing was conducted in R version 4.4.0 (2024-04-24 ucrt) and Matlab 2021a. Significance levels are p < .0001 with “****”, p < .001 with “***”, p < .01 with “**”, p < .05 with “*”.
2.1 Biological models
Metabolic rate calculation
A model for Mass Specific Respiration rate (MSR) of aquatic invertebrates was developed by Brey (Brey 2010), providing a spreadsheet tool that implement an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It requires as arguments : (1) individual body mass in J, (2) temperature, (3) depth in water, (4) taxonomic definition, (5) mobility mode (sessile, crawler, facultative or permanent swimmer/floater), (6) alimentation mode (carnivorous versus other modes), (7) vision type (yes or no defined as possession of image-forming eyes sensu (Seibel and Drazen 2007), i.e. an optical sense better than just light/dark separation), and (8) the starved state of the animal (yes or no). MSR calculation was made using the average energy density 21.4469 J.mgAFDW^{-1} (Brey et al. 2010), a depth of 1 m for intertidal species, and by default not starved. A conversion was done for the MSR from [J/J/day] to [mW.ind^{-1}]. Based on the theoretical frame of Brown and Allen ((Allen, Gillooly, and Brown 2005, @brown2004)), the individual metabolic rate I was expressed as function of the individual body size and the temperature. The equation was simplified to adjust the parameters r0, b and Ek for each species to the MSR results based on Brey ANN (Equation 2.A, Table 2.A).
I = r0.(IndivBodySize)^b . e^{\frac{-Ek}{(T+273,15)}} \tag{2.A}
Itot = I . Density \tag{2.B}
With the exponential part the factor Ek [K] is the ratio of E, activation energy over k Boltzmann’s constant (8.62×10−5 eV.K−1); r0 is the scaling constant; b is the scaling exponent; T is temperature [°C], IndivBodySize is the individual body size in Ash Free Dry Weigth [gAFDW.ind^{-1}], to get I [mW.ind{-1}]. Density is the spatial density of individuals in flume (based on sample surface) [ind.m^{-2}], thus Itot [mW.m^{-2}].
Bioturbation processes
As far as the consequences on sediment erodibility are concerned, the influence of bioturbation should rather be divided into two main categories Figure 2.C: 1) whether the effect is chronic and generates a biogenic layer under standard hydrodynamic conditions (Mariotti and Fagherazzi 2012) or 2) whether it has an impact on the constituent layers of the sediment and is expressed in the case of high hydrodynamic events (mass erosion, roughly above 1Pa bed shear stress). Second, these effects can be characterized according to the type of consequence: either stabilizing by reinforcing physical protection and cohesion between particles or destabilizing by increasing surface roughness or modifying the rheology of sediments facilitating erosion when tidal currents or wave-induced turbulence are present Willows, Widdows, and Wood (1998). Several processes are possible in each case, for chronic effects, two kinds of processes were identified:
Passive processes relative to hydrodynamics modifications: 1a) Allogenic skimming flow operates when a high density of biogenic structures creates locally reduced hydrodynamic conditions, favouring the deposition of fine particles and the consolidation of sediments; 1b) Autogenic roughness causes a modification of hydrodynamic conditions on a very local scale by increasing the bed shear stress and the flow regime.
Active processes: 2a) Biodeposition is carried out by suspension feeders, which capture fine particles in suspension and agglomerate them into pseudo-faeces or faeces, leading to a muddification of the sedimentary bed. When combined with the biodiffusion effect, it increases particle mixing and sediment stability, while also promoting the development of MPB biofilms; 2b) Bioresuspension occurs when individuals produce tracks in relation to displacement or feeding behaviours (producing faecal pellets and/or pseudo- faeces) on the sediment surface, therefore generating a biogenic fluff layer. The amount of sediment reworked by this process may be limited by a high density or by a sufficient duration that will lead the bioturbating fauna to rework sediments that have already been reworked.
For the event-driven cases, two main processes were identified: 1) Biostabilization is a stabilisation against mass erosion by sedentary species which, by settling in galleries or tubes, compact the sediment and bind the particles together with their mucus; 2) Bed destabilization causes anticipated mass erosion of the sediment assimilated to a massive loss of the surficial part of sediment at a centimetre scale, and occurs when endogenous species are mobile in the sediment (biodiffusors or regenerators).
| Chronic | Even-driven | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stabilizing | Neutral | Destabilizing | Stabilizing | Neutral | Destabilizing | |
| S. plana | (Soares and Sobral 2009) (Francis Orvain et al. 2005), (F. Orvain et al. 2007) (Kristensen et al. 2013) (Cozzoli et al. 2019) |
(Francis Orvain et al. 2005), (F. Orvain et al. 2007) | ||||
| H. diversicolor (Andersen and Pejrup 2011) |
(Kristensen et al. 2013) | (Francis Orvain et al. 2018) | (Francis Orvain et al. 2018) (Passarelli et al. 2012) (Fernandes, Sobral, and Costa 2006) (Cozzoli et al. 2019) |
(De Backer et al. 2010) (Cozzoli et al. 2019) (Smit et al. 2021) |
2.2 Sediment and animal collection
The Schelde estuary, a macrotidal coastal estuary, situated between The Netherlands and Belgium, is split in two main parts, named Westerschelde (south part) and Oosterschelde (north part). Due to anthropological transformations, the Oosterschelde is no longer fed by Schelde freshwater (Figure 2.D).
A muddy and a sandy sediment were collected in the Westerschelde (respectively mud in Groot Buitenschoor; sand in Rilland), wet-sieved at 5mm and stored 48h in a freezer, then wet-sieved at 1mm, to remove fauna and larger debris. Each sediment granulometry was characterized with a Mastersizer 2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK). A 50%-50% vol mix was made, an let settle for a couple of weeks to reduce the water content. The water content, density, granulometry and organic matter were monitored all along the experiment. The granulometry of the stockpile is analysed once a week. The organic matter (OM) was obtained by loss on ignition: samples were placed in an oven for 72 h to remove the water and then placed in an oven at 550°C for 6 h to burn the OM (results).
| Field | Source | Stock | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | 2022-07-04 | 2022-07-15 | 2022-07-26 | 2022-06-03 | 2022-06-13 | 2022-06-17 | 2022-06-24 | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-13 | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-29 | ||||
| MACBA-SCRPL | CERED | CORVO | HEDDI | PERUL | Mud | Sand | Stock1 | Stock2 | Stock3 | Stock4 | Stock5 | Stock6 | Stock7 | Stock8 | Stock9 | |
| 10% limit (10% < ...μm) | 3.88 | 175.63 | 5.91 | 6.67 | 3.73 | 3.23 | 95.67 | 6.96 | 4.94 | 4.82 | 5.16 | 5.54 | 5.21 | 5.75 | 6.32 | 6.44 |
| Median grainsize D50 in μm | 28.00 | 287.05 | 51.51 | 52.99 | 25.33 | 20.69 | 158.83 | 82.25 | 53.14 | 45.99 | 68.97 | 62.91 | 58.58 | 70.82 | 81.31 | 87.92 |
| Median grainsize D50 in PHI | 5.16 | 1.80 | 4.28 | 4.24 | 5.30 | 5.60 | 2.65 | 3.60 | NA | NA | 3.86 | 3.99 | 4.09 | 3.82 | 3.62 | 3.51 |
| Modus grainsize in μm | 101.38 | 288.64 | 71.38 | 81.78 | 24.38 | 26.22 | 161.69 | 161.56 | 152.04 | 153.24 | 154.37 | 155.68 | 155.49 | 161.60 | 160.72 | 159.17 |
| 90% limit (90% < ...μm) | 137.28 | 465.87 | 119.97 | 131.43 | 121.21 | 77.69 | 252.42 | 235.56 | 203.85 | 204.16 | 221.03 | 222.61 | 220.46 | 232.34 | 233.28 | 233.25 |
| Coarse sand fraction PHI 0-1, 500-1000 μm | 0.00 | 6.74 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Medium sand fraction PHI 1-2, 250-500 μm | 0.66 | 56.89 | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 10.53 | 8.07 | 4.02 | 4.19 | 6.28 | 6.61 | 6.32 | 7.72 | 7.77 | 7.71 |
| Fine sand fraction PHI 2-3, 125-250 μm | 11.90 | 35.70 | 8.08 | 11.17 | 8.56 | 3.13 | 62.81 | 29.04 | 26.71 | 25.77 | 27.48 | 26.10 | 26.18 | 27.73 | 29.05 | 30.27 |
| Very Fine sand fraction PHI 3-4, 62.5-125 μm | 19.75 | 0.68 | 31.89 | 31.52 | 16.10 | 10.44 | 23.15 | 17.54 | 17.23 | 16.33 | 17.53 | 17.39 | 16.74 | 16.18 | 17.49 | 18.01 |
| Silt fraction <63 μm | 67.89 | 0.00 | 59.80 | 57.13 | 74.73 | 85.79 | 3.53 | 45.46 | 52.04 | 53.71 | 48.80 | 50.02 | 50.87 | 48.48 | 45.80 | 44.11 |
Species were collected either in Oosterschelde or Westerschelde; C. edule in Oesterdam at first sampling then in Den Inkel; H. diversicolor in Haven Rattekaai; C. volutator in Haventje Ellewoutsdijk; S. plana and M. balthica in Den Inkel; P. ulvae in Nolleweg. Individuals of each species were sorted to create batches of size classes, and a sub-sample of each class were used to measure length, fresh weight, dry weight, Ash Free Dry Weight and define conversion coefficients that were used to create sample populations. The rest of the individuals were placed in the climatized mesocosm, an acclimation period of 2 weeks was respected before experiments.
2.3 Experimental design
2.4 Experimental measurement
| Characteristic | Control | Small S. plana & H. diversicolor | Medium S. plana & H. diversicolor | Big S. plana & H. diversicolor | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. medium, N = 61 | T. low, N = 31 | T. high, N = 31 | T. medium, N = 81 | T. low, N = 81 | T. high, N = 81 | T. medium, N = 81 | T. low, N = 81 | T. high, N = 91 | T. medium, N = 81 | T. low, N = 81 | T. high, N = 91 | |
| Experimental design | ||||||||||||
| Ambiant temperature (°C) | 17.85+/-0.00 | 17.50+/-0.00 | 24.65+/-0.00 | 18.38+/-2.79 | 16.55+/-0.41 | 20.38+/-3.99 | 18.38+/-2.79 | 16.55+/-0.41 | 20.57+/-3.78 | 18.38+/-2.79 | 16.55+/-0.41 | 20.57+/-3.78 |
| Mesocosm temperature (°C) | 13.28+/-0.01 | 9.32+/-0.00 | 18.20+/-0.00 | 13.28+/-0.23 | 9.33+/-0.62 | 18.20+/-1.15 | 13.28+/-0.23 | 9.32+/-0.62 | 18.19+/-1.07 | 13.26+/-0.22 | 9.32+/-0.62 | 18.19+/-1.07 |
| Metabolic rate in mesocosm (mW/m²) | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 9.57-19.72 | 5.88-10.50 | 15.31-32.25 | 17.48-29.99 | 12.05-19.47 | 22.03-58.14 | 25.61-46.29 | 18.43-31.05 | 42.82-81.93 |
| Species 1 Metabolic rate in mesocosm (mW/m²) | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-19.72 | 0.00-10.50 | 0.00-32.25 | 0.00-29.99 | 0.00-16.58 | 0.00-58.14 | 0.00-46.29 | 0.00-25.82 | 0.00-81.93 |
| Species 2 Metabolic rate in mesocosm (mW/m²) | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-13.84 | 0.00-8.85 | 0.00-24.41 | 0.00-20.44 | 0.00-19.47 | 0.00-43.50 | 0.00-35.33 | 0.00-31.05 | 0.00-64.03 |
| Species 1 density in sample (ind/m²) | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-160.00 | 0.00-160.00 | 0.00-160.00 | 0.00-160.00 | 0.00-160.00 | 0.00-160.00 | 0.00-160.00 | 0.00-160.00 | 0.00-160.00 |
| Species 2 density in sample (ind/m²) | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-320.00 | 0.00-320.00 | 0.00-320.00 | 0.00-320.00 | 0.00-320.00 | 0.00-320.00 | 0.00-320.00 | 0.00-320.00 | 0.00-320.00 |
| Species 1 biomass in sample (gAFDW/m²) | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-7.56 | 0.00-6.17 | 0.00-5.84 | 0.00-12.99 | 0.00-11.13 | 0.00-12.48 | 0.00-22.87 | 0.00-19.94 | 0.00-19.53 |
| Species 2 biomass in sample (gAFDW/m²) | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | 0.00-3.61 | 0.00-3.17 | 0.00-4.09 | 0.00-5.98 | 0.00-8.71 | 0.00-8.63 | 0.00-12.66 | 0.00-15.93 | 0.00-14.23 |
| Metabolic rate based on respiration meas (mW/m²) | 0.00+/-0.00 | 0.00+/-0.00 | 0.00+/-0.00 | 13.20+/-8.76 | 12.25+/-9.76 | 23.74+/-9.75 | 30.61+/-5.64 | 17.38+/-6.28 | 41.85+/-15.14 | 34.59+/-25.24 | 41.76+/-12.44 | 65.71+/-25.64 |
| Results | ||||||||||||
| Bed Shear Stress (Pa) | 7.31+/-0.51 | 3.32+/-1.26 | 3.13+/-0.49 | 4.43+/-2.50 | 2.49+/-1.36 | 4.52+/-1.20 | 2.51+/-1.32 | 2.69+/-1.57 | 3.81+/-1.26 | 2.55+/-1.26 | 3.06+/-1.65 | 3.28+/-1.32 |
| 1 Mean+/-SD; Minimum-Maximum | ||||||||||||
3 Results
3.1 Respiration measurements
| Characteristic | Small S. plana & H. diversicolor | Medium S. plana & H. diversicolor | Big S. plana & H. diversicolor | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. low, N = 8 | T. medium, N = 10 | T. high, N = 9 | T. low, N = 9 | T. medium, N = 10 | T. high, N = 10 | T. low, N = 9 | T. medium, N = 10 | T. high, N = 10 | |
| Temperature mesocosm (°C) | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 9.33 (0.62) | 13.28 (0.20) | 18.20 (1.07) | 9.32 (0.58) | 13.28 (0.20) | 18.19 (1.01) | 9.32 (0.58) | 13.26 (0.19) | 18.19 (1.01) |
| Range | 8.87, 10.83 | 13.07, 13.70 | 17.23, 20.08 | 8.87, 10.83 | 13.07, 13.70 | 17.23, 20.08 | 8.87, 10.83 | 13.07, 13.70 | 17.23, 20.08 |
| Respiration Rate (µmolO2/s-1) | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Range | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.01 |
| Itot based on respiration meas (mW/m²) | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.25 (9.76) | 10.56 (9.52) | 21.10 (12.07) | 15.45 (8.25) | 24.49 (13.83) | 37.67 (19.47) | 37.12 (18.14) | 27.67 (26.61) | 59.13 (31.88) |
| Range | 0.00, 29.59 | 0.00, 26.95 | 0.00, 37.36 | 0.00, 24.60 | 0.00, 36.40 | 0.00, 67.75 | 0.00, 61.20 | 0.00, 85.51 | 0.00, 97.42 |
| Respiration Rate (µmolO2/gAFDW-1) | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.19 (0.15) | 0.29 (0.11) | 0.12 (0.06) | 0.21 (0.05) | 0.27 (0.11) | 0.16 (0.07) | 0.15 (0.14) | 0.24 (0.10) |
| Range | 0.05, 0.50 | 0.02, 0.47 | 0.14, 0.48 | 0.02, 0.20 | 0.14, 0.29 | 0.07, 0.44 | 0.08, 0.28 | 0.00, 0.43 | 0.08, 0.38 |
| Unknown | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Respiration_rate_mWm2..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Respi..x_tf + Mumo_txt + Cond_Fact_txt | |||
| Characteristic | Beta1 | SE2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 0.8877*** | 1.535 × 10−4 | 2.350 × 10−187 |
| Itot at mesocosm temperature - transf (mW/m²) | 0.0001*** | 1.331 × 10−5 | 8.377 × 10−13 |
| Mumo_txt | NA*** | 9.506 × 10−5 | |
| S. plana | -0.0004*** | 8.219 × 10−5 | 1.600 × 10−5 |
| S. plana & (H. diversicolor) | 0.0000 | 8.011 × 10−5 | 0.833 |
| (S. plana) & H. diversicolor | 0.0002** | 7.982 × 10−5 | 0.004 |
| H. diversicolor | 0.0001 | 8.000 × 10−5 | 0.163 |
| Cond_Fact_txt | NA | 0.208 | |
| T. low | 0.0001 | 7.666 × 10−5 | 0.078 |
| T. medium | 0.0000 | 6.556 × 10−5 | 0.515 |
| T. high | -0.0001 | 8.096 × 10−5 | 0.37 |
| No. Obs. = 72; R² = 0.646; AIC = -920 | |||
| Anova, F(2,65) = 1.61, p = 0.21, eta2[g] = 0.047 | |||
| Respiration_rate_mWm2..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Respi..x_tf + Mumo_txt + Cond_Fact_txt post-hoc tests | |||
| Residuals are normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.977, p-value = 0.213 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals variances are homogeneic - Levene: stat = 0.987, p-value = 0.468 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals are homoscedastic - Harrison-McCabe: statistic = 0.448, p-value = 0.246 (α=0.1) | |||
| There are 0 outliers in ** | |||
| 1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 | |||
| 2 SE = Standard Error | |||
| Variable | Control, N = 01 | S. plana, N = 191 | S. plana & (H. diversicolor), N = 181 | (S. plana) & H. diversicolor, N = 181 | H. diversicolor, N = 171 | Overall, N = 721 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiration_rate_mWm2 (dependent) | NA (NA) | 29 (22) | 28 (12) | 36 (22) | 39 (28) | 33 (22) |
| Itot at mesocosm temperature (mW/m²) | NA (NA) | 34 (21) | 23 (11) | 22 (12) | 26 (16) | 26 (16) |
| Temperature level | ||||||
| T. low | 0 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 23 |
| T. medium | 0 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 23 |
| T. high | 0 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 26 |
| Respiration_rate_mWm2 normality test | ||||||
| Data are not normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat=0.900, p-value=3.06e-05 (α=0.1). | ||||||
| Data transformation - Box-Cox λ = 0.340; λ2 = 1 | ||||||
| Transformed data are normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.984, p-value = 0.505 (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Itot_meso_mWm2_Respi normality test | ||||||
| Data are not normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat=0.943, p-value=0.00279 (α=0.1). | ||||||
| Data transformation - Box-Cox λ = 0.010; λ2 = 1 | ||||||
| Transformed data are normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.991, p-value = 0.875 (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Treatments subgroup check | ||||||
| Variances are homogeneic - Levene: F value = 0.609, p-value = 0.814 - (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Independence of covariate: Mumo_txt; Cond_Fact_txt have a significant relation with covariate | ||||||
| Regression slopes homogeneity is verified | ||||||
| Respiration_rate_mWm2..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Respi..x_tf + Mumo_txt + Cond_Fact_txt post-hoc tests | ||||||
| Residuals are normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.977, p-value = 0.213 - (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Residuals variances are homogeneic - Levene: stat = 0.987, p-value = 0.468 - (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Residuals are homoscedastic - Harrison-McCabe: statistic = 0.448, p-value = 0.252 (α=0.1) | ||||||
| There are 0 outliers in ** | ||||||
| 1 Mean (SD); n | ||||||
3.2 Erodibility analysis
3.2.1 Erosion data treatment
3.2.2 Erosion measurement treatment
| Characteristic | 0, N = 9311 | 1, N = 4441 | 2, N = 4681 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Step number | 6 (3, 10) | 16 (12, 19) | 16 (13, 19) |
| Sec_Palier | 393+/-318 | 859+/-255 | 910+/-254 |
| Bed shear stress (Pa) | |||
| Mean+/-SD | 1.86+/-1.87 | 5.16+/-1.95 | 5.31+/-1.85 |
| Range | 0.06 - 8.81 | 0.64 - 9.95 | 1.10 - 10.15 |
| Shear velocity (cm.s-1) | |||
| Mean+/-SD | 3.77+/-1.97 | 6.95+/-1.43 | 7.08+/-1.29 |
| Range | 0.74 - 9.28 | 2.51 - 9.86 | 3.28 - 9.95 |
| 1 Median (IQR); Mean+/-SD | |||
3.2.3 Mass erosion threshold
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ S1_Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + S2_Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Mumo_txt | |||
| Characteristic | Beta1 | SE2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 1.3487*** | 0.079 | 8.151 × 10−28 |
| S. plana Itot (mW/m²) | -0.0025 | 0.004 | 0.532 |
| H. diversicolor Itot (mW/m²) | 0.0132* | 0.006 | 0.038 |
| Duo | NA* | 0.018 | |
| Control | 0.3743** | 0.119 | 0.002 |
| S. plana | 0.1284 | 0.139 | 0.358 |
| S. plana & (H. diversicolor) | -0.0131 | 0.084 | 0.876 |
| (S. plana) & H. diversicolor | -0.1238 | 0.089 | 0.167 |
| H. diversicolor | -0.3659* | 0.141 | 0.029 |
| No. Obs. = 84; R² = 0.148; AIC = 85.3 | |||
| Anova, F(4,77) = 3.18, p = 0.018, eta2[g] = 0.142 | |||
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ S1_Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + S2_Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Mumo_txt post-hoc tests | |||
| Residuals are not normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.965, p-value = 0.0208 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals variances are homogeneic - Levene: stat = 1.864, p-value = 0.125 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals are homoscedastic - Harrison-McCabe: statistic = 0.554, p-value = 0.741 (α=0.1) | |||
| There are 0 outliers in ** | |||
| 1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 | |||
| 2 SE = Standard Error | |||
| Mumo_txt | Intercept | S1 | S2 | gcd.r.squared | p_signif | Nb obs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc | All | 1.46e+00 [1.31e+00, 1.61e+00] | -2.16e-03 [-7.78e-03, 3.47e-03] | -1.80e-03 [-9.95e-03, 6.34e-03] | 0.008 | 84 | |
| Control | 1.72e+00 [1.47e+00, 1.98e+00] | NA [NA, NA] | NA [NA, NA] | 0.000 | - | 11 | |
| S. plana | 1.42e+00 [9.74e-01, 1.86e+00] | -7.65e-04 [-1.20e-02, 1.04e-02] | NA [NA, NA] | 0.001 | 19 | ||
| S. plana & (H. diversicolor) | 1.50e+00 [1.08e+00, 1.91e+00] | -2.11e-04 [-3.71e-02, 3.66e-02] | -1.73e-02 [-9.03e-02, 5.57e-02] | 0.037 | 19 | ||
| (S. plana) & H. diversicolor | 1.33e+00 [9.93e-01, 1.66e+00] | -1.09e-02 [-1.06e-01, 8.40e-02] | 1.07e-02 [-4.05e-02, 6.18e-02] | 0.024 | 18 | ||
| H. diversicolor | 8.45e-01 [4.12e-01, 1.28e+00] | NA [NA, NA] | 1.88e-02 [3.01e-03, 3.46e-02] | 0.300 | * | 17 |
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Cond_Fact_txt | |||
| Characteristic | Beta1 | SE2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 1.55275*** | 0.076 | <0.001 |
| Itot at mesocosm temperature (mW/m²) | -0.00635* | 0.003 | 0.030 |
| Cond_Fact_txt | NA** | 0.005 | |
| T. medium | 0.03184 | 0.059 | 0.6 |
| T. low | -0.20741** | 0.063 | 0.002 |
| T. high | 0.17558* | 0.067 | 0.015 |
| No. Obs. = 84; R² = 0.131; AIC = 81.0 | |||
| Anova, F(2,80) = 5.7, p = 0.005, eta2[g] = 0.125 | |||
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Cond_Fact_txt post-hoc tests | |||
| Residuals are not normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.969, p-value = 0.0406 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals variances are homogeneic - Levene: stat = 1.500, p-value = 0.229 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals are homoscedastic - Harrison-McCabe: statistic = 0.566, p-value = 0.832 (α=0.1) | |||
| There are 0 outliers in ** | |||
| 1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 | |||
| 2 SE = Standard Error | |||
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Mumo_txt | |||
| Characteristic | Beta1 | SE2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 1.38715*** | 0.078 | <0.001 |
| Itot at mesocosm temperature (mW/m²) | 0.00247 | 0.003 | 0.4 |
| Duo | NA | 0.086 | |
| Control | 0.33586** | 0.120 | 0.006 |
| S. plana | -0.07961 | 0.092 | 0.4 |
| S. plana & (H. diversicolor) | -0.05926 | 0.082 | 0.5 |
| (S. plana) & H. diversicolor | -0.05556 | 0.083 | 0.5 |
| H. diversicolor | -0.14143 | 0.086 | 0.3 |
| No. Obs. = 84; R² = 0.105; AIC = 87.5 | |||
| Anova, F(4,78) = 2.12, p = 0.086, eta2[g] = 0.098 | |||
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Mumo_txt post-hoc tests | |||
| Residuals are not normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.969, p-value = 0.0393 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals variances are homogeneic - Levene: stat = 1.475, p-value = 0.218 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals are homoscedastic - Harrison-McCabe: statistic = 0.538, p-value = 0.692 (α=0.1) | |||
| There are 0 outliers in ** | |||
| 1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 | |||
| 2 SE = Standard Error | |||
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Mumo_txt + Cond_Fact_txt | |||
| Characteristic | Beta1 | SE2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 1.49480*** | 0.089 | <0.001 |
| Itot at mesocosm temperature (mW/m²) | -0.00292 | 0.004 | 0.4 |
| Duo | NA | 0.4 | |
| Control | 0.22246 | 0.125 | 0.079 |
| S. plana | -0.01174 | 0.094 | >0.9 |
| S. plana & (H. diversicolor) | -0.05681 | 0.079 | 0.5 |
| (S. plana) & H. diversicolor | -0.04548 | 0.081 | 0.6 |
| H. diversicolor | -0.10843 | 0.085 | 0.5 |
| Cond_Fact_txt | NA* | 0.040 | |
| T. medium | 0.03165 | 0.059 | 0.6 |
| T. low | -0.17269* | 0.068 | 0.013 |
| T. high | 0.14104 | 0.071 | 0.077 |
| No. Obs. = 84; R² = 0.177; AIC = 84.4 | |||
| Anova, F(2,76) = 3.35, p = 0.04, eta2[g] = 0.081 | |||
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Mumo_txt + Cond_Fact_txt post-hoc tests | |||
| Residuals are not normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.965, p-value = 0.0212 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals variances are homogeneic - Levene: stat = 1.141, p-value = 0.34 - (α=0.1) | |||
| Residuals are homoscedastic - Harrison-McCabe: statistic = 0.519, p-value = 0.6 (α=0.1) | |||
| There are 0 outliers in ** | |||
| 1 *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 | |||
| 2 SE = Standard Error | |||
| Variable | Control, N = 111 | S. plana, N = 191 | S. plana & (H. diversicolor), N = 191 | (S. plana) & H. diversicolor, N = 181 | H. diversicolor, N = 171 | Overall, N = 841 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc (dependent) | 5.08 (2.24) | 3.50 (2.10) | 3.29 (1.58) | 3.20 (1.19) | 3.06 (1.66) | 3.50 (1.82) |
| Itot at mesocosm temperature (mW/m²) (covariate) | 0 (0) | 34 (21) | 22 (11) | 22 (12) | 25 (13) | 22 (17) |
| Temperature level | ||||||
| T. medium | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 29 |
| T. low | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 27 |
| T. high | 3 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 28 |
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc normality test | ||||||
| Data are not normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat=0.945, p-value=0.00129 (α=0.1). | ||||||
| Data transformation - Box-Cox λ = -0.010; λ2 = 1 | ||||||
| Transformed data are normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.983, p-value = 0.352 (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Treatments subgroup check | ||||||
| Variances are homogeneic - Levene: F value = 1.179, p-value = 0.311 - (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Independence of covariate: Mumo_txt; Cond_Fact_txt have a significant relation with covariate | ||||||
| Regression slopes homogeneity is verified | ||||||
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc..y_tf ~ Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero + Mumo_txt + Cond_Fact_txt post-hoc tests | ||||||
| Residuals are not normal - Shapiro-Wilk: stat = 0.965, p-value = 0.0212 - (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Residuals variances are homogeneic - Levene: stat = 1.141, p-value = 0.34 - (α=0.1) | ||||||
| Residuals are homoscedastic - Harrison-McCabe: statistic = 0.519, p-value = 0.608 (α=0.1) | ||||||
| There are 0 outliers in ** | ||||||
| 1 Mean (SD); n | ||||||
3.3 Results tables
| Respiration_rate_mWm2 | Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero | Biomass_gAFDWm2 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | T. medium | T. low | T. high | All | T. medium | T. low | T. high | All | T. medium | T. low | T. high | ||
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc | -1.479e-03 x +1.455 |
-1.416e-02 x +1.769 |
1.243e-03 x +1.230 |
8.246e-04 x +1.483 |
-2.071e-03 x +1.460 |
-2.303e-02 x +1.904 |
2.176e-03 x +1.226 |
-6.459e-04 x +1.537 |
-1.791e-02 x +1.557 |
-4.365e-02 x +1.796 |
4.841e-03 x +1.218 |
-9.179e-03 x +1.593 |
|
S. plana |
4.411e-04 x +1.378 |
-3.750e-02 x +2.223 |
1.503e-02 x +0.919 |
2.145e-03 x +1.402 |
-7.651e-04 x +1.417 |
-3.017e-02 x +2.350 |
1.339e-02 x +0.987 |
-3.265e-03 x +1.665 |
-2.406e-02 x +1.702 |
-5.362e-02 x +2.168 |
1.519e-02 x +1.034 |
-2.432e-02 x +1.815 |
|
S. plana & (H. diversicolor) |
-5.379e-03 x +1.523 |
-2.466e-02 x +1.952 |
-1.155e-03 x +1.297 |
-1.587e-02 x +2.075 |
-5.607e-03 x +1.504 |
-3.742e-02 x +2.088 |
1.755e-02 x +1.044 |
-2.028e-02 x +2.154 |
-3.982e-02 x +1.718 |
-7.047e-02 x +1.930 |
1.891e-02 x +1.120 |
-6.206e-02 x +2.049 |
|
(S. plana) & H. diversicolor |
2.063e-03 x +1.312 |
-2.166e-03 x +1.512 |
7.227e-03 x +1.179 |
3.029e-03 x +1.198 |
3.227e-03 x +1.315 |
-8.963e-03 x +1.612 |
2.073e-02 x +1.066 |
7.630e-03 x +1.100 |
1.635e-02 x +1.262 |
-1.723e-02 x +1.566 |
3.006e-02 x +1.148 |
2.327e-02 x +1.155 |
|
H. diversicolor |
3.312e-03 x +1.188 |
-4.245e-03 x +1.264 |
4.482e-03 x +0.940 |
-1.110e-03 x +1.812 |
1.879e-02 x +0.845 |
1.922e-02 x +0.735 |
7.359e-03 x +0.949 |
9.326e-04 x +1.719 |
2.000e-02 x +1.154 |
5.236e-02 x +0.797 |
1.139e-02 x +0.988 |
-1.929e-04 x +1.754 |
|
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Visu | 1.745e-03 x +1.262 |
1.184e-03 x +1.240 |
-1.004e-03 x +1.268 |
9.002e-04 x +1.384 |
2.567e-03 x +1.252 |
-5.259e-04 x +1.277 |
-7.232e-03 x +1.348 |
1.948e-03 x +1.352 |
-3.278e-03 x +1.338 |
-1.478e-03 x +1.279 |
-9.608e-03 x +1.323 |
-2.152e-03 x +1.439 |
|
S. plana |
7.409e-03 x +1.097 |
1.294e-02 x +0.911 |
-3.169e-04 x +1.225 |
4.252e-03 x +1.318 |
5.547e-03 x +1.124 |
1.235e-02 x +0.809 |
-1.069e-02 x +1.403 |
-9.221e-04 x +1.553 |
1.544e-03 x +1.292 |
2.114e-02 x +0.894 |
-1.267e-02 x +1.371 |
-1.357e-02 x +1.683 |
|
S. plana & (H. diversicolor) |
-1.624e-02 x +1.703 |
3.943e-03 x +1.091 |
-1.395e-02 x +1.506 |
-3.373e-02 x +2.471 |
-1.548e-02 x +1.626 |
-2.689e-02 x +1.779 |
-9.005e-03 x +1.376 |
-4.110e-02 x +2.667 |
-6.234e-02 x +1.825 |
-5.194e-02 x +1.678 |
-1.758e-02 x +1.402 |
-1.261e-01 x +2.457 |
|
(S. plana) & H. diversicolor |
-1.551e-05 x +1.379 |
8.505e-03 x +1.131 |
1.527e-03 x +1.357 |
-7.415e-04 x +1.365 |
5.552e-04 x +1.367 |
-1.135e-03 x +1.424 |
6.742e-03 x +1.299 |
4.565e-03 x +1.178 |
5.437e-03 x +1.337 |
1.662e-03 x +1.391 |
8.239e-03 x +1.336 |
7.970e-03 x +1.261 |
|
H. diversicolor |
3.383e-03 x +1.165 |
-2.132e-03 x +1.311 |
1.074e-02 x +0.659 |
-5.749e-03 x +1.929 |
1.108e-02 x +0.993 |
1.385e-02 x +0.952 |
1.150e-02 x +0.791 |
-6.087e-03 x +1.859 |
1.311e-02 x +1.185 |
3.610e-02 x +1.008 |
2.048e-02 x +0.830 |
-2.559e-02 x +1.841 |
|
| Respiration_rate_mWm2 | Itot_meso_mWm2_Ero | Biomass_gAFDWm2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSS_Pa_Crit_Mass_Ssc | pairwise ~ Cond_Fact_txt |
T. medium - T. high * |
T. medium - T. high |
- |
pairwise ~ Cond_Fact_txt | Mumo_txt |
H. diversicolor T. medium - T. high · |
H. diversicolor T. medium - T. high · |
H. diversicolor T. low - T. high · |
|
4 Supplementary data
4.1 Session information
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
setting value
version R version 4.4.0 (2024-04-24 ucrt)
os Windows 11 x64 (build 22631)
system x86_64, mingw32
ui RTerm
language en
collate French_France.utf8
ctype French_France.utf8
tz Europe/Paris
date 2024-05-23
pandoc 3.1.11 @ C:/Program Files/RStudio/resources/app/bin/quarto/bin/tools/ (via rmarkdown)
quarto 1.4.554 @ C:\\PROGRA~1\\Quarto\\bin\\quarto.exe
─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
package * version date (UTC) lib source
beepr * 1.3 2018-06-04 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
broom * 1.0.5 2023-06-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
colorspace * 2.1-0 2023-01-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
conflicted * 1.2.0 2023-02-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
data.table * 1.15.4 2024-03-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
dplyr * 1.1.4 2023-11-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
emmeans * 1.10.1 2024-04-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
figpatch * 0.2 2022-05-03 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
forcats * 1.0.0 2023-01-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
geomtextpath * 0.1.3 2024-03-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
GGally * 2.2.1 2024-02-14 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggdist * 3.3.2 2024-03-05 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggforce * 0.4.2 2024-02-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggh4x * 0.2.8 2024-01-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
gginnards * 0.2.0 2024-05-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggnewscale * 0.4.10 2024-02-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggplot2 * 3.5.1 2024-04-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggplotify * 0.1.2 2023-08-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggpmisc * 0.5.6 2024-05-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggpp * 0.5.7 2024-05-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggpubr * 0.6.0 2023-02-10 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggridges * 0.5.6 2024-01-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
ggsci * 3.0.3 2024-03-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
grafify * 4.0.1 2024-02-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
gt * 0.10.1 2024-01-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
gtExtras * 0.5.0 2023-09-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
gtsummary * 1.7.2 2023-07-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
Hmisc * 5.1-2 2024-03-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
htmlwidgets * 1.6.4 2023-12-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
kableExtra * 1.4.0 2024-01-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
knitr * 1.46 2024-04-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
labelled * 2.13.0 2024-04-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
leaflet * 2.2.2 2024-03-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
lmtest * 0.9-40 2022-03-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
lubridate * 1.9.3 2023-09-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
metR * 0.15.0 2024-02-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
openxlsx * 4.2.5.2 2023-02-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
patchwork * 1.2.0 2024-01-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
performance * 0.11.0 2024-03-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
plotly * 4.10.4 2024-01-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
purrr * 1.0.2 2023-08-10 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
rayshader * 0.37.3 2024-02-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
RColorBrewer * 1.1-3 2022-04-03 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
readr * 2.1.5 2024-01-10 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
readxl * 1.4.3 2023-07-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
rstatix * 0.7.2 2023-02-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
scales * 1.3.0 2023-11-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
scatterplot3d * 0.3-44 2023-05-05 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
see * 0.8.4 2024-04-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
sessioninfo * 1.2.2 2021-12-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
sf * 1.0-16 2024-03-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
sfheaders * 0.4.4 2024-01-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
shades * 1.4.0 2019-08-02 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
stringr * 1.5.1 2023-11-14 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
tibble * 3.2.1 2023-03-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
tidyr * 1.3.1 2024-01-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
tidyverse * 2.0.0 2023-02-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
tmap * 3.3-4 2023-09-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
tmaptools * 3.1-1 2021-01-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
unikn * 1.0.0 2024-04-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
wesanderson * 0.3.7 2023-10-31 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
zoo * 1.8-12 2023-04-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.4.0)
[1] C:/Users/amlh/AppData/Local/R/win-library/4.4
[2] C:/Program Files/R/R-4.4.0/library
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